Our general FAQ section provides clear answers to the most common automotive questions that apply to all vehicles, regardless of make or model. From understanding routine maintenance schedules and oil change intervals to learning about warning lights, smog checks, brakes, tires, and general car care tips, this category is designed to help every driver. Whether you’re new to car ownership or just want reliable advice, our general FAQs give you the knowledge to keep your vehicle safe, reliable, and road-ready.
What does the ignition coil do? The ignition coil converts a vehicle’s low-voltage battery power (typically 12 volts) into high-voltage energy—often 20,000 to 40,000 volts or more—so a spark can jump the spark plug gap and ignite the air‑fuel mixture in the engine. Without a properly functioning ignition coil, combustion becomes weak or fails entirely, …
What Tells Fuel Injectors to Open? The engine control unit (ECU), also called the powertrain control module (PCM), commands fuel injectors to open by sending rapid electrical pulses timed to crankshaft and camshaft positions; the pulse width (duration) determines how much fuel is delivered. In modern engines, the ECU continuously adjusts those pulses using data …
What Is the Assembly Line of a Car? A car assembly line is a coordinated, step-by-step production system in which a vehicle moves through a sequence of workstations where parts are added, software is loaded, and quality checks are performed until the car is complete. In modern plants, this process marries human skill with robotics, …
How a Carburetor Works, Step by Step A carburetor mixes fuel with incoming air by using a pressure drop in a venturi to draw fuel from a float-regulated bowl through precisely sized jets, then meters that mixture with a throttle plate while auxiliary circuits (choke, idle, transition, accelerator pump, and power enrichment) adapt the mixture …
What Is a Seat Belt Pretensioner? A seat belt pretensioner is a safety device that rapidly tightens a seat belt during a crash or imminent crash to remove slack and position the occupant correctly. By pulling the belt snug in milliseconds, it works with airbags and load limiters to reduce injury, especially to the head, …
How long will a 2.4 L engine last? A well-maintained 2.4-liter engine typically lasts 180,000–250,000 miles (290,000–400,000 km), or about 12–20 years, with many examples surpassing 300,000 miles; however, displacement alone doesn’t determine longevity—design, maintenance, and driving conditions matter more. Below is what really influences lifespan, how different use cases compare, common issues on well-known …
The Most Famous Vintage Car The Ford Model T is widely regarded as the most famous vintage car, credited with putting the world on wheels through mass production and affordability between 1908 and 1927. While “fame” can be subjective and definitions of “vintage” vary, historians, collectors, and the general public consistently point to the Model …
Rack-and-Pinion Replacement Cost in 2025: What Drivers Should Expect For most vehicles in the U.S. in 2025, replacing a rack-and-pinion (steering rack) typically costs between $1,000 and $2,500 all-in. Parts usually run $400 to $1,800 for hydraulic systems and $1,200 to $3,000 for newer electric power steering (EPS) racks, while labor ranges from $400 to …
When an Idle Sensor Goes Bad: What Drivers See, Why It Happens, and How to Fix It When an idle sensor—or more accurately, the idle control system—goes bad, engines often idle erratically, stall at stops, surge or idle too high, trigger a check-engine light, and waste fuel; fixes range from cleaning the throttle body to …
Who Were the American Car Manufacturers in the 1960s? The dominant American car manufacturers in the 1960s were General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler Corporation, with American Motors Corporation (AMC) and Studebaker as the chief independents; niche and specialty makers such as Kaiser Jeep, International Harvester, Checker, Shelby American, and Avanti Motor Corporation also …
What Size Is the Bolt for the Oil Pan? It depends on the vehicle. For most passenger cars, the oil drain plug (the “bolt” you remove to change oil) is typically M12x1.25, M12x1.5, or M14x1.5 with a 14–17 mm hex head, while the oil pan mounting/perimeter bolts are usually M6 or M8 with 10–13 mm …
Why many V8s use superchargers instead of turbos They don’t always—many modern V8s are turbocharged—but when automakers choose superchargers on a V8, it’s usually for instant throttle response, straightforward packaging in the engine’s “V” valley, robust thermal and durability performance under heavy load, and the traditional sound and character buyers expect in muscle cars and …
The most popular motorcycle of the 1970s The Honda CB750 is widely regarded as the most popular motorcycle of the 1970s—especially in the large-displacement, enthusiast market—thanks to its groundbreaking performance, reliability, and mass-market affordability. While Honda’s Super Cub likely outsold every other model globally in sheer unit volume during the decade, the CB750 became the …
The Downsides of an Open Differential: What Drivers Should Know An open differential’s main drawbacks are poor traction when one wheel loses grip, “one-wheel” spin under power, reliance on brake-based traction aids, inconsistent performance on snow, mud, or off-road terrain, and potential extra brake and tire wear. In everyday terms, an open diff is inexpensive …
Why Dodge Is Not in NASCAR Dodge is not banned from NASCAR; it is simply not participating. After withdrawing its factory program following the 2012 season, the automaker has not re-entered under current rules, which remain open to any manufacturer that completes NASCAR’s approval process. As of the 2025 season, the Cup Series fields cars …
How Much Does It Cost to Replace an ECU Unit? Expect to pay roughly $500 to $2,500 for an Engine Control Unit (ECU) replacement in the U.S., including parts, programming, and labor. Mainstream vehicles often fall between $600 and $1,200, while premium European or performance models can run $1,500 to $4,000 or more. In the …
Is It Smart to Buy a New Car Right Now? For many buyers, yes—if you can secure a below‑MSRP price or subsidized financing on a vehicle that fits your needs and budget. New‑car inventories are healthier than during the pandemic and discounts have widened in several segments, but financing rates and insurance premiums remain elevated …
What Makes a Clunking Noise When Reversing A clunk when reversing is most often caused by drivetrain slack (in the differential, CV joints, or U‑joints), loose or worn mounts, brake pads shifting in their calipers, or play in suspension bushings and joints. In many cases it’s a single thunk as load reverses; persistent or loud …
Were cars common in the 1930s? In the United States, cars were broadly common by the 1930s, though the Great Depression slowed new sales; in much of Europe and the rest of the world, car ownership was expanding but still limited to a minority. Many people—especially outside North America—continued to rely on public transport, walking, …
Symptoms of a Sticking Caliper Slide Pin A sticking caliper slide pin typically shows up as uneven brake pad wear (often the inner pad wearing much faster), the vehicle pulling to one side under braking, brake drag that makes a wheel run hot, a burning smell or smoke from one corner, squealing or grinding noises, …
What Is a Fuel Gauge in a Car? A car’s fuel gauge is the instrument that indicates how much gasoline or diesel remains in the tank, typically via a dashboard needle or digital display connected to a fuel-level sensor in the tank. In modern vehicles, the reading is filtered by the car’s electronics and may …
How much does it cost to replace a steering pump? Expect a typical power steering pump replacement to cost $300–$1,200 at a repair shop in the U.S., with most common vehicles landing around $450–$800. Parts usually run $150–$700 and labor $150–$600, depending on the vehicle, pump type, and local labor rates. Note: many newer cars …
Is Fixing Power Steering a Big Job? It depends: minor fixes like topping up fluid, replacing a belt, or swapping a leaking hose are quick and relatively inexpensive, while major repairs such as replacing a steering rack or an electric power steering (EPS) unit can be labor-intensive and costly. In practical terms, small repairs can …
What vehicles did Ford make in 1975? In 1975, Ford built a broad lineup that in the United States included cars like the Pinto, Mustang II, Maverick, Granada, Gran Torino, Elite, LTD, Thunderbird, and LTD-based wagons; trucks and vans such as the F-Series (with the newly introduced F-150), Bronco, Ranchero, Econoline/Club Wagon (all-new generation), and …
What Triggers Traffic Lights Traffic lights are triggered by a combination of programmed timing and real-time inputs: sensors in or above the roadway detect vehicles and bicycles, push buttons register pedestrian calls, and special systems grant priority to emergency and transit vehicles. A signal controller then sequences the phases within strict safety rules—minimum green, yellow …
Does Australia Drive on the Left? Yes—Australia drives on the left side of the road, with vehicles typically having the steering wheel on the right. This means you overtake on the right, travel clockwise through roundabouts, and keep left on multi-lane roads unless overtaking or directed otherwise. Where and Why Australia Drives on the Left …
What Is the Most Reliable Budget Car? The Toyota Corolla—particularly the 2020–2024 models and the 2020–2024 Corolla Hybrid—stands out as the most reliably “budget” car for most buyers, thanks to consistently excellent reliability ratings, low ownership costs, strong safety performance, and wide parts/servicing availability. In markets where pricing varies, the Corolla typically stays within the …
What Is an Automotive Assembly Line? An automotive assembly line is a coordinated production system in which a vehicle is built step-by-step at sequential workstations as it moves along a conveyor or guided path; in modern factories, this includes a mix of human labor, robotics, and digital controls. The concept, pioneered for cars by Henry …
What a Car’s Suspension Does—and Why It Matters A car’s suspension keeps the tires pressed to the road, absorbs bumps, controls body motions like roll and pitch, and sets the balance between comfort, handling, and braking. In practice, it’s the system of springs, dampers, and linkages that supports the vehicle’s weight, manages how forces move …
The Correct Order to Replace a Car Battery Disconnect the negative (–) terminal first, then the positive (+); remove the hold-down and the old battery; install the new battery; reconnect the positive (+) terminal first, then the negative (–). That order minimizes short circuits and sparks. Below, we explain why the sequence matters, what tools …