How to Tell If Your Power Steering Is Broken

You’ll usually know your power steering is failing if the steering wheel suddenly becomes heavy—especially at low speeds—accompanied by whining or groaning noises when turning, an EPS warning light on the dashboard, or visible power-steering fluid leaks under the front of the vehicle. If this happens, slow down, keep both hands on the wheel, and pull over safely to inspect warning lights and fluid levels.

Common Symptoms You’ll Notice

The signs of a failing power steering system are often noticeable from behind the wheel and around the vehicle. The following symptoms can help you identify whether the issue is with the assist system rather than tires or alignment alone.

• Heavy or stiff steering, most obvious at parking-lot speeds or when turning at a stop
• Intermittent assist: steering feels normal sometimes, then suddenly heavy
• Whining, groaning, or moaning noises while turning (often louder at full lock)
• Squealing belt noise when steering, especially just after startup or in wet weather
• Steering wheel doesn’t return to center smoothly after a turn
• Vibration or pulsing felt through the wheel while turning
• Puddle or drip of reddish, amber, or clear oily fluid under the front of the car (hydraulic systems)
• Foamy or discolored power-steering fluid in the reservoir (aeration/contamination)
• Burning-oil or hot rubber smell after tight maneuvers
• Dashboard steering icon or “EPS/EPAS” warning light (electric power steering)
• Clicking or clunking while turning, which may indicate a separate mechanical issue (tie rod, joint) that can mimic power-steering failure

Any one of these can point to trouble, but a combination—like heavy steering plus noise or a warning light—strongly suggests a power-steering fault that needs prompt attention.

How Symptoms Differ: Hydraulic vs. Electric Power Steering

Modern vehicles use either hydraulic power steering (HPS) with fluid and a pump, or electric power steering (EPS) with an assist motor and sensors. Knowing which system you have will help pinpoint causes and next steps.

Hydraulic Power Steering: What You’ll Typically See

Hydraulic systems rely on fluid pressure from a pump driven by the serpentine belt. The list below highlights common indicators specific to hydraulic setups.

• Low fluid level, aerated (foamy) fluid, or fluid contamination in the reservoir
• Whining/groaning from the pump during turns; louder at full lock
• Wet hoses, fittings, or rack boots; puddles under the front subframe
• Heavy steering after a cold start that improves as the engine warms
• Squealing belt under load, indicating a slipping belt or weak tensioner

If you see leaks or hear pump noises, address them quickly; running low on fluid can ruin the pump and the steering rack, escalating repair costs.

Electric Power Steering: What You’ll Typically See

EPS systems use an electric motor and control module, so their failure modes look different. The items below outline EPS-specific clues.

• EPS/EPAS warning light or message on the instrument cluster
• Intermittent loss of assist that returns after a restart or with battery voltage changes
• Heavy steering during low battery/charging problems or after jump-starts
• No fluid leaks present, but assist still absent or inconsistent
• Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) for torque sensor, steering angle sensor, motor, or control module

Because EPS depends on clean electrical supply, a weak battery or failing alternator can trigger assist loss even if steering components are intact.

Quick Checks You Can Do in Minutes

Before heading to a shop, a few simple checks can distinguish a minor issue from a serious failure and may even get you back on the road safely.

1. Park safely on level ground, set the parking brake, and keep the engine idling.
2. Look for steering or EPS warning lights and note any new messages.
3. If you have hydraulic steering, check the power-steering reservoir: verify the fluid level (cold/hot marks) and look for foaming or dark/burnt fluid.
4. Inspect the area under the front of the car for fresh oil-like puddles or drips; trace wet hoses or rack boots if visible.
5. Open the hood and watch/listen while someone turns the wheel: squeals may indicate a slipping serpentine belt or weak tensioner.
6. Listen for pump whine (hydraulic) or clicking/grinding from the column/rack (mechanical issue).
7. For EPS, consider battery health: dim lights or slow cranking suggest low voltage; if available, check resting battery (~12.6V) and running voltage (~13.8–14.6V).
8. If you have a code reader, scan for power-steering or charging-system DTCs.
9. Verify tire pressures; severely low tires can mimic steering heaviness.

If fluid is low or a belt is slipping, the fix may be straightforward. If warning lights or codes are present—or if steering effort is extreme—professional diagnosis is the safer path.

What To Do If It Fails While Driving

A sudden loss of assist is manageable, but it demands focus. The following actions help you maintain control and prevent further damage.

• Grip the wheel firmly with both hands and anticipate much heavier effort, especially at low speeds.
• Do not switch off the engine while moving; you’ll lose brake assist, too.
• Reduce speed gradually, signal early, and move to a safe shoulder or parking lot.
• Turn on hazard lights; avoid tight, full-lock turns that strain the system.

• Check for smoke, burning smell, or active fluid leaks; if present, shut the engine and call for assistance.
• If the EPS light came on without other warnings, a safe restart after stopping may temporarily restore assist—but get the vehicle checked.
• Drive only short distances to a repair facility if steering is controllable and there’s no leak; otherwise, arrange a tow.

Staying calm and reducing speed are key. For severe leaks, grinding noises, or steering that feels erratic, towing is the safest option.

Common Causes and What Repairs Involve

Power-steering faults stem from hydraulic leaks or pump issues, electrical problems in EPS, or even mechanical binding. Here’s what typically goes wrong and how it’s addressed.

• Low fluid or leaks (HPS): hose, line, reservoir, or rack seal leaks; fix the leak and refill/bleed the system to prevent pump damage.
• Failing pump (HPS): persistent whining, weak assist; replacement and system flush are common.
• Serpentine belt/tensioner: belt slip reduces pump output; replace worn belt/tensioner and check pulleys.
• Contaminated or wrong fluid (HPS): can damage seals/pump; flush with manufacturer-specified fluid.
• Steering rack failure: internal leaks, uneven assist, or play; rack replacement and alignment required.
• EPS torque/angle sensor faults: erratic assist or warning lights; sensor calibration or replacement.
• EPS motor or control module failure: no assist; may require rack or module replacement and programming.
• Charging system issues (EPS): weak battery or alternator causes intermittent assist; repair electrical supply first.
• Mechanical binding: seized steering shaft U-joint or collapsed column bearing; component replacement.
• Non-steering contributors: very low tire pressure or severe misalignment can mimic assist problems.

Correct diagnosis prevents replacing good parts. A shop will pressure-test hydraulic systems or run EPS diagnostics and calibrations to isolate the root cause.

Typical Repair Costs and Time (Approximate)

Pricing varies by vehicle, parts brand, and region, but these ranges offer a realistic expectation for common fixes.

• Power-steering fluid service/flush: $80–$150
• Hose or line replacement: $100–$400
• Power-steering pump (HPS): $300–$800
• Steering rack (HPS or EPS): $900–$3,000+ (alignment required; EPS often highest)
• Serpentine belt/tensioner: $100–$250
• EPS torque sensor: $300–$900 (with calibration)
• EPS control module or motor/rack assembly: $1,200–$3,000+
• Alternator (affecting EPS): $400–$1,000
• Professional diagnostic fee: $100–$200

Late-model vehicles with integrated EPS racks and ADAS sensors can push costs higher, particularly if programming or recalibration is required.

Prevention and Maintenance Tips

Consistent maintenance reduces the chance of sudden steering trouble and extends component life.

• Check power-steering fluid monthly (HPS) and top up only with the specified fluid.
• Inspect for damp hoses, clamps, and rack boots; fix small leaks early.
• Replace serpentine belts and tensioners at recommended intervals.
• Keep the battery and charging system healthy; EPS is voltage-sensitive.
• Avoid holding the wheel at full lock for more than a few seconds.
• Follow the manufacturer’s fluid service intervals; flush if fluid is dark/contaminated.
• Maintain proper tire pressures and alignment to reduce steering load.

These habits lessen stress on pumps, racks, and EPS motors—and can help you spot issues before they become expensive repairs.

When to See a Professional Immediately

Certain warning signs point to safety-critical problems that shouldn’t wait.

• Sudden, severe heaviness or unpredictable steering assist
• Active fluid leak, smoke, or burning smell from the engine bay
• Grinding or metal-on-metal noises while turning
• Rapid fluid loss or foamy reservoir after topping off
• EPS light combined with other electrical warnings or stalling
• Steering wheel off-center or new clunks after hitting a pothole/curb

In these cases, stop driving and arrange professional help or a tow to avoid loss of control or further damage.

Summary

If your steering suddenly feels heavy, you hear turning noises, see an EPS light, or notice fluid leaks, your power steering may be compromised. Hydraulic systems tend to leak, whine, or suffer belt issues, while EPS problems often involve warning lights and electrical faults. Perform quick checks for fluid, leaks, belt condition, voltage, and codes, then seek a qualified diagnosis. Prompt attention keeps you safer and can save significant repair costs.

Can you still steer if your power steering is broken?

Yes, you can typically drive a vehicle if the power steering goes out, but it will require significantly more physical effort to steer, especially at low speeds or when parking. Driving without power steering is generally safe for short distances to a mechanic if you are careful, but it can be dangerous if you can’t steer quickly enough in an emergency. You should drive cautiously, using both hands on the wheel, and get the system repaired as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the power steering pump and other components. 
What happens when power steering fails?

• Heavier Steering: The system provides hydraulic assistance, so without it, turning the wheel becomes much harder. 
• Increased Difficulty at Low Speeds: You’ll find it especially challenging to turn the wheel when the car is stopped or moving slowly. 
• Potential for Damage: Driving without fluid can cause the pump to overheat and fail, and the belt that powers the pump can snap. 
• Danger in Emergencies: It can be difficult to react quickly enough during an emergency, making it more likely to cause an accident. 

What to do if your power steering fails:

1. Park Safely: Pull over to a safe location on the side of the road as soon as possible. 
2. Assess the Steering: Turn the wheel to see how much effort it takes. 
3. Check Fluid (if applicable): For hydraulic systems, check if the power steering fluid is low and add the correct type if needed. 
4. Drive Cautiously: If it’s manageable, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest mechanic. 
5. Use Both Hands: Grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands to maintain control. 
6. Avoid Sharp Turns: Be prepared for the increased effort needed for sharp or sudden turns. 
7. Call a Tow Truck: If you feel you cannot accurately steer the vehicle, it’s safer to call for a tow truck. 

Get it fixed: 

• Repair ASAP: Get your vehicle to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to prevent further damage to the system.
• Consult a Professional: A mechanic can diagnose the issue and provide an accurate estimate for repairs.

What are the symptoms of bad power steering?

5 Symptoms that May Point to Your Power Steering Failing

• Your Steering Wheel Feels Stiff.
• Your Car’s Steering Doesn’t Handle the Way it Used To.
• Your Power Steering Fluid is Low or Discolored.
• You Hear a Squealing or Whining Sound.
• You Hear a Groaning Sound.

What does it feel like for power steering to go out?

When power steering fails, the most noticeable symptom is that the steering wheel becomes hard to turn, requiring significantly more effort to maneuver the vehicle. You might also hear a whining, squealing, or groaning noise when you turn the wheel, feel vibrations through the steering wheel, or notice a pink/red fluid leak under your car. These symptoms are often caused by low power steering fluid, a failing pump, or a damaged belt.
 
Here’s a breakdown of the common sensations and sounds:
Physical Sensations

• Stiff or heavy steering wheel: This is the most direct indication of a problem, as the system no longer assists your effort. 
• Difficulty turning at low speeds: Steering is most noticeable when parking or driving slowly, as the power steering is designed to make these maneuvers easier. 
• Vibrations: You might feel rough, vibrating, or “jumpy” sensations through the steering wheel. 
• Jerky steering: The steering might feel unresponsive or exhibit sudden, unexpected movements. 

Auditory Cues 

• Whining or squealing: A common sound, especially when turning the wheel, can signal a worn-out pump or a belt issue.
• Groaning or grinding: Similar to squealing, these deeper noises often come from the pump struggling to work.

Other Warnings

• Fluid leaks: A pink or red fluid puddle underneath your car often indicates a leak in the power steering system. 
• Burning smell: A burning odor can signify an overheating power steering pump. 

What to do:
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to have your vehicle inspected by a mechanic as soon as possible. Driving with failing power steering can be dangerous, so addressing the issue promptly will ensure your safety and prevent further damage to your vehicle’s steering system.

Is it expensive to fix power steering?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement.