How a Parked Car Can Catch Fire: Causes, Risks, and Prevention

A car can catch fire while parked due to electrical faults that stay live even with the ignition off, fluid leaks contacting hot parts after a drive, overheating components like catalytic converters, lithium-ion battery failures in hybrids/EVs, faulty charging or block-heater equipment, and external ignition sources such as arson or smoldering materials. Although uncommon, these fires are well-documented in investigations and recalls, and understanding the mechanisms helps drivers spot warning signs and reduce risk.

What’s happening mechanically when the vehicle isn’t moving

Even when parked, several circuits and components can remain energized: the 12-volt battery feeds modules for security, telematics, door locks, and brake control; hybrids/EVs keep battery management systems and relays active; and some vehicles run “after-run” pumps or fans to manage heat. If a short circuit, internal module failure, or fluid leak occurs, these systems can ignite nearby materials. Residual heat from a recent drive—especially at the catalytic converter and exhaust—can also ignite dry vegetation or leaked fluids minutes to hours after shutoff.

Common ignition sources while parked

The following list outlines the most frequent ways a stationary vehicle can ignite, based on fire service case reports, engineering analyses, and recent safety recalls.

• Electrical shorts in 12-volt systems: Damaged wiring, corroded connectors, failing ABS/ESC modules, or aftermarket accessories without proper fusing can spark and overheat. Rodents chewing insulation are a frequent trigger.
• Leaking flammable fluids: Fuel, oil, transmission fluid, or power steering fluid contacting hot exhaust components or an electrical arc can ignite after parking.
• Hot catalytic converter/exhaust: After highway driving, catalytic converters can exceed 800°F (425°C); parking over dry grass, leaves, or cardboard can start a fire beneath the vehicle.
• Hybrid/EV battery thermal events: Internal damage, manufacturing defects, or crash-related cell damage can lead to delayed thermal runaway—even hours after the vehicle is parked. Battery management systems are powered when off, and faults can propagate.
• Charging and block-heater faults: Damaged EV charging cables, improperly rated extension cords, outlet overloading, or degraded block-heater cords have caused parked-vehicle fires, especially in cold climates.
• Items left inside: Charging e-bikes/scooters or power tools, swollen or damaged lithium-ion devices, aerosol cans exposed to heat, or portable propane canisters can fail catastrophically.
• Human factors and external sources: Arson, discarded smoking materials smoldering in upholstery, fireworks, or a nearby structure/brush fire can set a parked vehicle alight.

While each mechanism is different, they usually involve a heat source (electrical or residual), flammable material (fuel, plastics, upholstery, vegetation), and an oxygen supply—conditions that can exist even when keys are out of the ignition.

Recent recalls and real-world context

In recent years, multiple automakers have urged owners to park outside due to fire risks from components that can remain powered with the vehicle off. For example, Hyundai and Kia issued large recalls in 2023 involving anti-lock brake system modules that could short internally and start fires in parked vehicles. The Chevrolet Bolt EV battery recall addressed cell defects that, in some cases, led to fires while parked and charging. These cases underscore that both traditional 12-volt systems and high-voltage batteries can fail at rest, and that recall compliance is a key prevention step. Drivers should check their VIN with NHTSA’s lookup tool or their national regulator.

Warning signs to watch for before a parked fire

These symptoms can precede a parked-vehicle fire and deserve immediate attention from a qualified technician.

• Electrical odors (hot plastic/“fishy” smell), smoke wisps, or clicking relays when the car is off.
• Battery drain or repeated blown fuses—often a clue to a short circuit.
• Fluid spots under the car, especially fuel or oil, after parking.
• Unusually hot floorboards or undercarriage after shutdown; visible debris caught near the exhaust.
• For EVs/hybrids: charging equipment that runs hotter than normal, charge faults, or recent battery damage alerts.

Addressing these signs early—before the next heat cycle or charge session—can prevent an ignition sequence from developing while the car is stationary.

What to do if you see smoke or smell burning from a parked vehicle

If a parked car shows signs of overheating or smoke, act quickly and prioritize safety. The steps below reflect common fire service guidance.

1. Keep your distance and call emergency services immediately. Provide the exact location and note if it’s a hybrid/EV.
2. If it’s safe and the car is accessible, disconnect charging cables or shut off external power at the source—do not linger.
3. Do not open the hood fully; a sudden rush of oxygen can intensify a fire. If trained and safe, use a Class B/C extinguisher through gaps to target small incipient flames.
4. Warn others nearby, move away from structures, and do not attempt to move the vehicle if fire is suspected.
5. For EV/hybrid incidents, avoid smoke and stay well clear—battery fires release toxic gases and can re-ignite.

Once responders arrive, follow instructions and provide any recent service, damage, or charging details that could help the investigation.

How to reduce the risk

While no strategy can eliminate all risk, these measures materially lower the chances of a parked-vehicle fire.

• Check for recalls and perform repairs promptly; monitor automaker and safety-agency notices.
• Keep wiring and accessories professional: use proper fuses, avoid overloading circuits, and secure cables away from moving or hot parts.
• Control leaks and heat: fix oil/fuel seepage, replace brittle hoses, and avoid parking over dry vegetation after driving.
• Be charging-smart: use manufacturer-approved EVSE, avoid daisy-chained adapters or undersized extension cords, and ensure outlets are properly rated and grounded.
• Store safely: don’t charge e-bikes/scooters or power tools inside the car; avoid leaving aerosol cans or fuel canisters in hot cabins.
• Rodent proofing: park in clean areas, use deterrents, and inspect for chewed wiring if you see nesting signs.
• In cold climates: regularly inspect block-heater cords and connections; replace damaged plugs or cables.

Consistent maintenance, cautious accessory use, and attention to heat and charging practices offer the best protection against ignition at rest.

How investigators pinpoint the cause

Fire investigators examine burn patterns, wiring harness damage, module internals, and fluid residues to locate the area of origin and the ignition source. They review diagnostic data, recall status, charging logs (for EVs), and recent maintenance. Determining whether a fire began in a powered module, from residual heat, or via an external source helps guide liability, warranty, and insurance decisions. If your vehicle burns while parked, preserve the scene as much as possible, photograph surroundings, and notify your insurer and manufacturer.

Summary

A parked car can catch fire when energized electrical systems fail, hot components meet flammable materials, or batteries and charging gear malfunction; external sources like arson or smoldering items also play a role. Watch for warning signs, keep up with recalls and repairs, avoid parking over dry debris, use safe charging and accessory practices, and call emergency services immediately if you spot smoke or unusual heat. These steps won’t erase the risk—but they substantially lower the odds and consequences of a parked-vehicle fire.

Can a car catch on fire while it’s off?

The answer is yes, it can. Electrical shorts are one of the leading causes of vehicle fires, especially in older cars or those with wiring damage, DIY modifications, or neglected electrical systems. While not every short circuit will lead to flames, all electrical issues should be taken seriously.

What part of a car is most likely to catch fire?

1: Fuel System Leaks. Leaks in the fuel system are the most common cause of vehicle fires, so that’s why they take the top spot on our list. A fuel system leak is really dangerous.

What is the most common cause of car fire?

The most common causes of car fires are fuel system leaks, where flammable liquids ignite from a spark or hot engine component, and electrical system failures, which can cause sparks from faulty wiring or components. Poor vehicle maintenance can lead to both of these issues, increasing the risk of a fire from damaged wires or leaking components. 
Causes of Car Fires

• Fuel System Leaks: Flammable liquids like gasoline can leak from damaged lines or components and contact a hot engine part or a spark, leading to ignition. 
• Electrical System Failures: Worn or damaged wiring, short circuits, or faulty components can create sparks or heat, igniting nearby materials. 
• Poor Maintenance: Neglecting regular maintenance can result in damaged electrical wires, leaky fuel lines, or engines that overheat, all of which are fire hazards. 
• Engine Overheating: Overheating can cause fluids to spill and come into contact with hot engine components or wires. 
• Car Accidents: A collision can cause damage to the fuel tank, fuel lines, or electrical systems, leading to leaks, sparks, and potential ignition of flammable liquids. 
• Catalytic Converter Issues: A damaged or improperly functioning catalytic converter can become extremely hot and pose a fire risk if it contacts foreign objects. 

Prevention

• Perform Regular Maintenance: Have your car inspected and serviced regularly to catch potential problems with the fuel and electrical systems. 
• Be Vigilant for Leaks: If you smell gasoline or see fluid leaks under your car, get it checked and fixed immediately. 
• Address Electrical Issues: Don’t ignore warning signs of electrical problems, such as flickering lights or other malfunctions. 

How do cars catch on fire while parked?

Cars catch fire when parked due to fuel leaks, electrical issues, or engine overheating, where leaks can contact hot surfaces like the exhaust or catalytic converter, and damaged wiring can cause short circuits or ignite flammable materials. Other causes include faulty components, damage from rodents, improper aftermarket installations, and sometimes even external factors like refracted sunlight. A collision is not necessary, as a significant number of fires result from mechanical or electrical failures that occur independently. 
This video explains the common causes of car fires and how they spread: 1mRatchets And WrenchesYouTube · Aug 11, 2019
Fuel Leaks

• Ignition of flammable liquids: A leaking fuel line, faulty connection, or damaged fuel tank can drip gasoline or diesel fuel. 
• Contact with hot parts: If this leaked fuel or the resulting vapors come into contact with a hot engine component, exhaust manifold, or catalytic converter, it can ignite. 

Electrical Issues

• Short circuits: Opens in new tabWater entering electrical modules or short circuits from damaged wiring can cause components to overheat, leading to a fire. 
• Faulty batteries: Opens in new tabA malfunctioning battery can generate excess heat or sparks, creating an ignition source. 
• Poor wiring: Opens in new tabDamaged or poorly routed wiring from wear, damage, or improper installation of aftermarket parts can also pose a fire risk. 

Engine Overheating 

• Failed cooling systems: Opens in new tabA lack of coolant or a failing water pump or cooling fan can prevent the engine from cooling properly. 
• Oil leaks: Opens in new tabA leaking oil pan can lead to oil collecting on the engine and igniting when the engine overheats. 
• Hot exhaust components: Opens in new tabAn overheated engine can cause gaskets and seals to fail, leading to oil leaks onto a hot exhaust manifold. 

This video shows how an engine oil leak can lead to overheating and potential fire: 56sCNA InsiderYouTube · May 10, 2021
Other Causes

• Hot catalytic converters: Clogged or overworked catalytic converters can become extremely hot, potentially igniting nearby flammable debris like dry leaves. 
• Rodent damage: Animals can chew on wires or build nests that act as tinder, increasing the risk of electrical shorts or direct ignition. 
• Aftermarket accessories: Improperly installed lights, alarms, or other aftermarket devices can introduce electrical faults and cause fires. 
• External heat sources: In rare cases, refracted sunlight from a reflective object like a mirror or water bottle can focus intense heat on upholstery, potentially starting a fire.