What Happens If the Rack and Pinion Go Out While Driving?

If the rack-and-pinion steering fails while you’re driving, the most likely outcome is a sudden loss of power assist, making the steering wheel very heavy but still steerable; in rare mechanical failures, the steering can bind or even disconnect, causing severe loss of control. Drivers should hold the wheel firmly, slow down smoothly, and pull over as soon as it’s safe. Understanding how different failures feel—and how to respond—can prevent a scary situation from becoming dangerous.

What “going out” actually means

People often say the rack and pinion “went out” to describe anything from a fluid leak to total loss of steering. Modern cars use either a hydraulic power-assisted rack or an electric power steering (EPS) rack. The type determines the most likely failure and what you’ll feel.

Hydraulic-assist racks

In hydraulic systems, an engine-driven pump pressurizes fluid to assist steering. Common failures include hose or seal leaks, pump failure, and internal rack wear. Most failures cause heavy steering (loss of assist) and a whining pump, not a complete loss of steering. A catastrophic mechanical break in the rack or tie rod is possible but rare.

Electric power steering (EPS) racks

EPS uses an electric motor on the rack or steering column. Failures usually trigger a steering warning light and remove assist, resulting in a heavy wheel. Sensor or control-unit faults can make assist intermittent. As with hydraulic systems, full mechanical disconnect is uncommon, but binding or gear damage can severely impair control.

What you may feel behind the wheel

When a rack-and-pinion begins to fail, the steering typically gives you warning. The following symptoms can help you recognize a developing issue before it becomes an emergency.

• Sudden heavy steering effort, especially at low speeds (loss of assist)
• Steering wheel that doesn’t return to center after a turn
• Intermittent assist, jerky or “notchy” feel, or momentary binding
• Clunking or knocking over bumps; looseness or “dead spot” in the wheel
• Vehicle wandering, pulling to one side, or rapid tire wear
• Power steering warning light (EPS) or pump whining (hydraulic)
• Visible fluid leak or burning-oil smell (hydraulic), smoke if fluid hits hot parts

Any of these signs warrant prompt inspection. Addressing them early reduces the odds of a roadside failure and prevents collateral damage to tires, the pump, or the EPS motor.

Immediate safety risks at speed versus low speed

The danger profile changes with speed. Knowing what to expect helps you respond calmly and effectively.

• Highway speeds: You can usually keep the car in its lane without assist, but steering requires much more force; abrupt maneuvers become difficult, increasing crash risk.
• Low speeds/parking: Steering may become nearly impossible without assist, making turns into driveways or out of traffic hazardous.
• Binding or seizure: If the rack binds, the wheel may resist turning or stick; forcing it can cause sudden release and overcorrection.
• Catastrophic mechanical failure (rare): A broken tie rod or internal rack failure can cause one wheel to turn independently, resulting in immediate, severe pull and loss of directional control.
• Fluid leaks (hydraulic): Fluid on hot exhaust may smoke; a large, sudden leak can quickly remove assist and create a slick near your vehicle.

Most failures are progressive and survivable with careful inputs, but any sign of binding, violent pull, or free-spinning steering requires an immediate, controlled stop.

What to do right now if it happens while driving

If your steering suddenly becomes heavy, erratic, or unresponsive, follow these steps to maintain control and get safely off the road.

1. Grip the wheel firmly with both hands; avoid abrupt steering inputs.
2. Turn on hazard lights, signal, and gradually ease off the throttle.
3. Brake in a straight line; if needed, shift to a lower gear for engine braking.
4. Steer smoothly to the shoulder or a safe turnout; give yourself extra room and time.
5. Do not switch the ignition to the lock/off position while moving (risk of steering lock in some vehicles).
6. Once stopped, set the parking brake, place the vehicle in Park, and assess for leaks or burning smells.
7. If steering is binding, clunking loudly, or a wheel looks misaligned, do not continue driving—call for a tow.
8. If you see active fluid leakage or smoke, move away from traffic and the vehicle after stopping, and call roadside assistance.

Even if you regain assist after a restart (common with some EPS faults), treat it as unsafe to continue; intermittent failures can return without warning.

Is it safe to keep driving?

Generally, no. Limping to a nearby safe spot is one thing; continuing your trip is another. Driving with a failing rack can make the car unpredictable and cause additional damage.

• Higher crash risk from heavy or inconsistent steering effort
• Potential for sudden loss of assist or binding to recur mid-maneuver
• Further damage to the power steering pump (hydraulic) if fluid is low
• Accelerated tire wear and alignment issues from internal play
• Risk of fluid contacting hot components, causing smoke or, rarely, fire

If steering is merely heavy and you’re close to a safe turnout, proceed cautiously; otherwise, arrange a tow to avoid compounding the problem and the risk.

Common causes and early warning signs

Understanding why racks fail helps catch problems early and plan repairs before an on-road failure.

• Worn internal seals and bushings (age, mileage), causing leaks and play
• Split rack boots letting water and grit in, accelerating wear
• Hydraulic hose or pump failure, cavitation, and aerated fluid
• EPS motor, torque sensor, or control module faults; blown fuses/relays
• Bent inner/outer tie rods from curb hits or potholes
• Loose or degraded rack mounting bushings causing shift and clunks
• Using incorrect or contaminated power steering fluid (hydraulic)

Regular inspections of tie rods, boots, hoses, and mounts—and scanning EPS systems for codes—catch many of these issues before they escalate.

Diagnosis, repair, and cost expectations

Shops will verify the complaint on a road test, inspect steering components, and, for EPS, scan for diagnostic trouble codes. Here’s what to anticipate in terms of work and cost.

• Inspection scope: inner/outer tie rods, rack boots, rack mounts, pump/hoses (hydraulic), column joints, alignment, and EPS DTCs/live data
• Typical repairs: hose or pump replacement (hydraulic), tie rods, rack replacement or remanufacture, EPS sensor/module repairs, or complete EPS rack
• Costs (rough U.S. ranges):
  – Hydraulic rack replacement (reman): about $800–$2,000 installed
  – EPS rack replacement: about $1,500–$3,000+ installed
  – Tie rods: about $150–$400 each installed
  – Hoses/pump (hydraulic): about $150–$800 depending on part
• Time: 3–6 labor hours for many vehicles; some platforms require subframe lowering and take longer
• Alignment: required after any rack or tie-rod work; budget an additional $100–$200
• Fluid/specs: always use the manufacturer-specified fluid; some systems prohibit generic ATF
• EPS calibration: many vehicles require steering angle/torque sensor calibrations after repair

Accurate diagnosis saves money; a leak from a hose is far cheaper than a rack, and a loose mount can mimic internal rack wear.

Prevention and maintenance tips

While no rack lasts forever, you can extend its life and reduce the odds of sudden trouble with simple habits and checks.

• Inspect rack boots, tie rods, and mounts at each service; replace torn boots promptly
• Check hydraulic fluid level/condition and fix leaks early; don’t run the pump dry
• Avoid holding the wheel at full lock for more than a few seconds (adds stress/heat)
• Use correct power steering fluid; flush if contaminated with metal or water
• Perform alignments after suspension or steering work; correct pulls promptly
• Avoid striking curbs/potholes; steer straight when jacking to reduce rack side-load
• For EPS, address warning lights quickly and keep battery/charging system healthy

These practices reduce wear, keep assist consistent, and help detect issues before they become emergencies.

Recalls and service bulletins

Some vehicles have recalls or technical service bulletins (TSBs) for steering racks, especially EPS units. It’s worth checking before you pay out of pocket.

• Search your VIN at the NHTSA website or your national safety authority for open recalls
• Check the manufacturer’s site for warranty extensions or TSBs related to steering
• Describe exact symptoms and warning lights to the dealer; they can match them to known campaigns

If a recall applies, repairs may be free; TSBs can guide faster, more accurate fixes even outside warranty.

Bottom line

If a rack-and-pinion “goes out” while driving, you’ll most likely lose power assist and face a heavy steering wheel rather than total loss of control, but binding or mechanical failure can be dangerous. Keep a steady grip, slow down, pull over, and arrange a tow. Don’t continue driving with a suspect rack—prompt diagnosis and repair protect your safety and your wallet.

What does it feel like when your rack and pinion is going out?

A bad rack and pinion feels like the steering is loose, heavy, or unresponsive, and it may not return to center after a turn. You might also experience uneven tire wear, constant steering corrections, clunking or grinding noises when turning, power steering fluid leaks, or a burning smell. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to have your vehicle inspected by a professional to ensure your safety. 
Feel of the steering wheel and handling:

• Loose or sloppy steering: The steering wheel has too much “play,” or the car doesn’t respond immediately to your turns. 
• Difficulty steering: The steering wheel feels heavy, stiff, or difficult to turn, especially at low speeds. 
• Poor centering: The steering wheel doesn’t return to its center position after a turn. 
• Wandering vehicle: You may have to constantly correct the steering to keep the car in a straight line, or it may drift to one side. 
• Dead spots or binding: You may feel specific “notches” or tight spots as you turn the wheel. 

Auditory and visual cues:

• Noises: Listen for clunks, squeaks, or grinding sounds coming from the steering system. 
• Leaks: Check for puddles of red or reddish-brown fluid under the front of your car, which indicates a power steering fluid leak. 
• Burning smell: A burning or overheating smell can come from leaking power steering fluid dripping onto hot engine components. 

Tire and alignment issues: 

• Uneven tire wear: One tire may wear out faster than others, signaling a misalignment caused by a failing steering rack.

What to do:
If you notice these symptoms, have your vehicle inspected immediately by a qualified mechanic. A failing rack and pinion can lead to a complete steering failure, posing a serious safety risk to you and others.

Can you fix a rack and pinion without replacing it?

Yes, a rack and pinion can sometimes be repaired without full replacement, especially for minor issues like torn boots, worn bushings, or leaks that can be temporarily sealed with additive stop-leak products. However, for significant damage, internal wear, or complex leaks, replacing the entire assembly is often the necessary and safer solution for optimal performance and reliability.
 
Repairable Issues

• Torn Boots: A common repair is replacing a torn flexible boot on the end of the steering shaft, which prevents dirt and debris from entering the system. 
• Minor Leaks: Some power steering leaks can be temporarily addressed with a power steering stop leak additive that conditions and restores the condition of rubber seals. 
• Worn Bushings: In some manual steering racks, worn bushings can be replaced as part of a repair process. 
• Failed EPS Belt: For electric power steering (EPS) systems, a failed drive belt is a common issue that can be replaced, restoring power assist without replacing the entire rack. 

Issues Requiring Replacement

• Significant Damage: Substantial wear or damage to the rack, pinion, or internal components often makes replacement the only safe and effective option. 
• Complex Leaks: Leaks from the seals of the rack and pinion assembly are often difficult to service and typically require replacement of the entire unit. 
• Safety and Performance: For the most reliable steering and safety, significant issues usually necessitate a complete rack and pinion assembly replacement. 

What to do:

1. 1. Identify the Problem: Determine the exact issue, whether it’s a leak, unusual noise, or steering difficulty, and check for any diagnostic trouble codes. 
2. 2. Consult a Professional: A qualified mechanic can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend the best course of action. 
3. 3. Consider Repair Kits: For specific issues like a failed EPS drive belt, kits are available that can save money compared to a full replacement. 

What is the average cost to replace a rack and pinion?

A rack and pinion replacement typically costs between $1,300 and $3,200, with the average falling around $1,900 to $2,400. This total cost covers both the rack and pinion part itself, which can range from roughly $200 to over $1,600, and the labor, which adds another few hundred dollars, sometimes exceeding $700. The final price depends heavily on the vehicle’s make and model, the quality of the replacement part (OEM vs. aftermarket), and the specific labor rates of your location. 
Cost Breakdown 

• Parts: $200 – $1,600+, varying based on vehicle make and model, and if you choose OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or aftermarket parts.
• Labor: $300 – $800+, depending on the complexity of the job and the shop’s labor rates.
• Other Costs: A wheel alignment after the replacement is crucial and will add to the total cost.

Factors Affecting the Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Parts for luxury or more complex vehicles will be more expensive. 
• Part Brand: OEM parts are generally pricier than aftermarket alternatives. 
• Geographic Location: Labor rates vary significantly by region, impacting the final price. 
• Additional Repairs: Leaks in the power steering system or worn tie rod ends can also add to the total repair bill. 

How to Get an Accurate Estimate

• Consult a Qualified Mechanic: Obtain a detailed quote from a trusted auto shop, as they can provide a precise cost breakdown based on your specific vehicle. 
• Use Online Estimators: Tools like RepairPal can offer a more localized price range by factoring in your location. 

What does a car do when the rack and pinion goes bad?

If the rack and pinion fails, you will experience severe steering problems, ranging from increased steering effort and looseness to complete loss of steering control, which can lead to a traffic accident. Other symptoms include power steering fluid leaks, steering wheel vibrations, and grinding or clunking noises. Driving with a failing rack and pinion is dangerous because the system is crucial for all steering maneuvers, and its failure can cause sudden and unpredictable vehicle behavior.
 
You can watch this video to learn about the symptoms of a bad rack and pinion: 1mCar Care HacksYouTube · Oct 5, 2023
Consequences of a failing rack and pinion:

• Loss of steering control: Opens in new tabA damaged rack and pinion can make the steering wheel unresponsive, causing the car to drift or wander, which can lead to loss of control. 
• Heavy or difficult steering: Opens in new tabWithout proper function, the power steering assist will diminish, making it harder to turn the steering wheel. 
• Steering wheel issues: Opens in new tabYou may feel vibrations, a “dead spot” where the steering has no assist, or loose play in the steering wheel. 
• Fluid leaks: Opens in new tabLeaks of power steering fluid are a common indicator of a failing rack and pinion, depriving the system of needed pressure. 
• Abnormal noises: Opens in new tabWorn or damaged components can cause clunking, grinding, or knocking sounds when turning the wheel. 
• Increased risk of accidents: Opens in new tabThe inability to control the vehicle’s direction precisely, especially in an emergency, significantly increases the risk of a crash. 

What to do if you suspect a failing rack and pinion:

• Do not delay: Address the issue immediately, as continued driving can cause further damage to other steering and suspension components. 
• Inspect for leaks: Check under your vehicle for power steering fluid leaks. 
• Listen for noises: Pay attention to any unusual sounds coming from the steering system. 
• Consult a professional: Have a trained technician inspect the system to diagnose the exact cause and recommend the necessary repairs.