What Happens When Power Steering Stops Working

When power steering stops working, the steering wheel suddenly becomes very heavy—especially at low speeds—yet the car remains steerable. A warning light may illuminate, and you should slow down, grip the wheel firmly with both hands, and move to a safe place to stop. Check for leaks, a broken belt, low fluid (for hydraulic systems), or electrical/fuse issues (for electric systems). Driving without assist is risky and can damage components, so address the fault before continuing.

What You’ll Feel Behind the Wheel

Drivers typically notice a set of clear, immediate symptoms when power steering assistance fails. The following points outline what you’re likely to experience on the road.

• Heavier steering effort: Turning the wheel, parking, or making tight maneuvers requires much more force.
• Warning light: A steering wheel icon (often with an exclamation mark) may appear in amber or red.
• Intermittent assist: Assistance may cut in and out, especially with electric systems if they overheat or voltage drops.
• Noises or feel changes: Whining from a hydraulic pump, groaning at full lock, or a gritty/uneven feel through the wheel.
• Related symptoms: Dim lights or battery warning (alternator/battery issue), or multiple dashboard warnings if a serpentine belt snaps.

Taken together, these signs point to a loss of power assist rather than a steering lock. The wheel won’t “freeze”; it simply becomes harder to turn, with the greatest effort needed at low speeds and during parking maneuvers.

Why It Happens: Common Causes

Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)

Hydraulic systems use a belt-driven pump and steering fluid to provide assist. The issues below are the most frequent culprits.

• Low or leaking fluid: Damaged hoses, seals, or the rack can leak, causing aeration and loss of assist.
• Broken or slipping serpentine belt: The pump stops turning, often accompanied by loss of alternator charging and A/C.
• Failing pump: Internal wear leads to weak or no assist, often with whining noises that rise with engine speed.
• Rack-and-pinion wear or failure: Internal leaks reduce assist and can degrade steering feel or cause wander.
• Contaminated or foamed fluid: Incorrect fluid type or overdue maintenance can cause poor performance and noise.

Because HPS depends on engine-driven components and fluid integrity, any belt, leak, or fluid issue can rapidly remove assist and potentially damage the pump if driven dry.

Electric Power Steering (EPS)

Many modern cars use electric motors and sensors to assist steering. Failures tend to be electrical or software related.

• Low voltage or charging issues: A weak battery or failing alternator can cause EPS shutdown and multiple warnings.
• Blown fuse or faulty relay: Power to the EPS module or motor is interrupted.
• Overheating: The EPS motor may temporarily disable assist after sustained heavy steering (e.g., repeated parking maneuvers).
• Sensor faults: Torque/angle sensor errors trigger a warning and disable assist.
• Motor or control module failure: Less common but typically requires component replacement or reprogramming.

EPS failures often arrive with a warning light and can be intermittent. Voltage health is critical—addressing battery and alternator issues can restore assist in some cases.

Immediate Actions to Take on the Road

If power steering assist drops out while driving, prioritize control and safety. The following steps help you safely manage the situation.

1. Keep both hands on the wheel and steer smoothly; avoid abrupt inputs.
2. Signal, activate hazard lights if needed, and gradually slow down.
3. Increase following distance and plan wide, gentle turns.
4. Move to a safe shoulder, parking lot, or service area when possible.
5. Do not switch off the ignition while moving; you may lose power brakes and risk steering lock in keyed cars if the key is removed.
6. Once safely stopped, assess for leaks, smells (burning belt), or warning messages.

These actions reduce risk while preserving braking assist and vehicle control. Once parked safely, you can perform basic checks or call for assistance.

How to Diagnose After You Stop

Basic roadside checks can reveal obvious causes and help you decide whether it’s safe to proceed or better to call a tow.

1. Look under the car for fresh fluid: Reddish, amber, or clear oily spots suggest a hydraulic leak.
2. Check power steering fluid level (HPS): Use the reservoir dipstick or markings; top up only with the manufacturer’s specified fluid.
3. Inspect the serpentine belt: If it’s missing, frayed, glazed, or noisy, do not continue driving.
4. Scan for warning lights/messages: A battery or charging warning points to an alternator/battery problem affecting EPS.
5. Check fuses/relays (EPS): Consult the owner’s manual for locations; replace only with identical ratings.
6. Restart and let EPS cool: If overheated, assist may return after a short rest; if it does, seek service soon.

If you find a leak, missing belt, or persistent electrical fault, the safest choice is usually a tow. Temporary fixes may restore limited function but won’t cure underlying failures.

Is It Safe to Keep Driving?

Driving without power assist is physically demanding and increases stopping distance indirectly by limiting rapid steering corrections. Consider these risks if you continue.

• Reduced maneuverability at low speeds and during emergencies.
• Potential damage to a hydraulic pump if fluid is low or aerated.
• Compounded issues if a broken belt also disables the alternator (leading to eventual engine shutdown) or water pump (overheating risk on some engines).
• Fatigue and slower reactions from sustained heavy steering.

While a short, careful drive to a nearby shop may be possible in some cases, professional recovery is often safer—especially with leaks, missing belts, or persistent EPS faults.

Typical Repair Costs and Time

Costs vary by vehicle and region, but these current ranges reflect common repairs seen by shops in 2024–2025.

• Serpentine belt: $80–$250 parts and labor; 0.5–1.5 hours.
• Power steering fluid service/flush (HPS): $80–$150; 0.5–1 hour.
• Hoses/lines (HPS): $100–$500; 1–3 hours.
• Power steering pump (HPS): $300–$900 parts; $150–$400 labor; 1.5–3 hours.
• Rack-and-pinion assembly: $900–$2,500 total; 4–8 hours.
• EPS torque sensor or column-mounted motor: $700–$1,800; 2–5 hours.
• EPS module/software diagnosis and programming: $120–$300 diagnostic; programming varies by brand.
• Alternator or battery (EPS-related): Alternator $400–$1,000; battery $120–$350.

Premium brands, performance models, and vehicles with limited parts availability can skew higher. A precise estimate requires a scan and inspection by a qualified technician.

Prevention and Maintenance Tips

Regular checks can prevent sudden loss of assist and extend component life.

• Inspect and maintain correct fluid level and type (HPS only); fix small leaks promptly.
• Replace the serpentine belt at recommended intervals; inspect pulleys and tensioner.
• Avoid holding the wheel at full lock for more than a few seconds to reduce pump stress.
• Keep the battery and charging system healthy; EPS depends on stable voltage.
• Listen for new noises (whine, groan) and feel for changes in steering effort or on-center feel.
• Follow manufacturer service intervals for fluid changes and EPS software updates if applicable.

These habits reduce the likelihood of sudden failures and help catch problems early, when repairs are usually less expensive.

When to Tow vs. Drive Carefully

Depending on the cause and conditions, you may be able to proceed cautiously—or you may need a tow. Use the guidelines below to decide.

• Tow if you see active fluid leaks, smell burning rubber, or the serpentine belt is missing or damaged.
• Tow if steering effort is extreme or jerky, or if the wheel binds.
• Tow if multiple electrical warnings appear, lights dim, or the engine may stall (charging failure).
• Consider cautiously driving a short distance only if the road is clear, steering is consistently manageable, and no leaks or belt issues are present.

When in doubt, choose a tow. It protects you, other road users, and your vehicle from further damage.

Summary

If power steering fails, the wheel becomes much harder to turn but does not lock. Safely slow and pull over, then check for leaks, low fluid, a broken belt, or EPS electrical issues. Driving without assist is possible but risky—particularly with hydraulic leaks or charging-system problems—so repair promptly or call for a tow. Regular maintenance of fluids, belts, and the electrical system can prevent most power steering failures.

Is it expensive to fix power steering?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement. 

Can you still drive if power steering goes out?

Yes, you can typically drive a vehicle if the power steering goes out, but it will require significantly more physical effort to steer, especially at low speeds or when parking. Driving without power steering is generally safe for short distances to a mechanic if you are careful, but it can be dangerous if you can’t steer quickly enough in an emergency. You should drive cautiously, using both hands on the wheel, and get the system repaired as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the power steering pump and other components. 
What happens when power steering fails?

• Heavier Steering: The system provides hydraulic assistance, so without it, turning the wheel becomes much harder. 
• Increased Difficulty at Low Speeds: You’ll find it especially challenging to turn the wheel when the car is stopped or moving slowly. 
• Potential for Damage: Driving without fluid can cause the pump to overheat and fail, and the belt that powers the pump can snap. 
• Danger in Emergencies: It can be difficult to react quickly enough during an emergency, making it more likely to cause an accident. 

What to do if your power steering fails:

1. Park Safely: Pull over to a safe location on the side of the road as soon as possible. 
2. Assess the Steering: Turn the wheel to see how much effort it takes. 
3. Check Fluid (if applicable): For hydraulic systems, check if the power steering fluid is low and add the correct type if needed. 
4. Drive Cautiously: If it’s manageable, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest mechanic. 
5. Use Both Hands: Grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands to maintain control. 
6. Avoid Sharp Turns: Be prepared for the increased effort needed for sharp or sudden turns. 
7. Call a Tow Truck: If you feel you cannot accurately steer the vehicle, it’s safer to call for a tow truck. 

Get it fixed: 

• Repair ASAP: Get your vehicle to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to prevent further damage to the system.
• Consult a Professional: A mechanic can diagnose the issue and provide an accurate estimate for repairs.

What should you do if your power steering stops working?

Turn Off the Engine: Once stopped, turn off the engine and wait a moment. Restarting the engine may reset the power steering system if it’s an electronic issue. Check for Leaks or Issues: If you feel comfortable, inspect under the hood for any obvious issues, like low power steering fluid or a broken belt.

What is the most common cause of power steering failure?

The most common causes of power steering failure are a power steering fluid leak and issues with the power steering pump itself, with other causes including a loose or slipped drive belt, worn hoses, and, in the case of electric power steering (EPS), a faulty electronic control unit (ECU) or motor. Low or contaminated fluid can starve the pump, causing it to fail, while a leak is often the root cause of low fluid levels. 
Common Problems with Hydraulic Power Steering 

• Leaking Fluid: Opens in new tabLeaks are a frequent problem because high-pressure fluid flows through hoses and connections, which can wear out over time, crack, or develop loose couplings. 
• Low Fluid Levels: Opens in new tabA leak directly leads to low fluid levels, which can then damage the pump as it tries to operate with air instead of fluid. 
• Worn-Out Power Steering Pump: Opens in new tabThe pump’s seals and internal parts can wear out with age and use, leading to a loss of pressure or complete failure. 
• Slipped or Broken Drive Belt: Opens in new tabThe belt that drives the pump can slip off or break, preventing the pump from working. 
• Clogged Hoses or Contaminated Fluid: Opens in new tabDebris, wear from internal components, or even old, dirty fluid can restrict fluid flow, overworking the pump and causing it to fail. 

Common Problems with Electric Power Steering (EPS)

• Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Failure: A malfunction in the ECU can cause the power assist to be lost or intermittent. 
• Malfunctioning Electric Motor: The electric motor that provides the assist can fail, leading to difficult steering. 
• Blown Fuse: A simple blown fuse can cut power to the electric power steering system. 
• Loose or Faulty Connections: Loose wiring or connections to the motor or ECU can cause the system to malfunction.