What happens when your power steering is going out

When power steering begins to fail, the steering wheel turns noticeably heavier—especially at low speeds—often accompanied by whining or groaning noises, a steering warning light, fluid leaks, or intermittent assist. The car remains steerable, but it can become difficult and hazardous to control, particularly during parking or sudden maneuvers; pull over safely, inspect for leaks or a broken belt, and avoid driving until the issue is diagnosed.

Why power steering matters—and how it works

Power steering reduces the effort needed to turn the wheel by using hydraulic pressure, an electric motor, or a combination of both. In modern vehicles, three architectures dominate: hydraulic power steering (HPS), electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS), and fully electric power steering (EPS). Failures in any of these systems don’t usually lock the wheel, but they do remove assist—suddenly or progressively—making the vehicle much harder to steer.

Typical symptoms as power steering “goes out”

The following list outlines the most common signs drivers notice before or during a loss of power steering assistance.

• Heavier steering, especially at low speeds or when parking
• Intermittent assist: steering feels normal, then suddenly stiff, then normal again
• Warning lamp: a steering wheel icon or “POWER STEERING/EPS” message on the dash
• Whining, groaning, or squealing noises while turning (often louder at full lock)
• Fluid leak under the front of the vehicle (red or amber power steering/ATF fluid)
• Burning-oil smell or smoke if fluid drips onto a hot exhaust
• Steering wheel jerks, shudders, or “notches” as you turn
• After a cold start, brief stiffness that improves as the engine bay warms (belt/tension issues)
• Electrical symptoms with EPS: battery/charging warnings, dimming lights, or assist returning after a restart

If one or more of these symptoms appear, the system is either losing pressure/assist or shutting down to protect itself, and continued driving can escalate wear or risk a sudden loss of assistance.

Common causes—by system type

Hydraulic (HPS) and Electro-hydraulic (EHPS)

Hydraulic-based systems rely on pressurized fluid. Failures usually trace to leaks, pump issues, or belt drive problems.

• Low or contaminated fluid due to seepage from hoses, pump seals, or rack-and-pinion seals
• Worn or failing power steering pump (bearing or vane wear leading to low pressure and whining)
• Cracked, swollen, or collapsed hoses; loose clamps or corroded hard lines
• Serpentine belt slip or break, or a failing belt tensioner/idler
• Internal rack-and-pinion wear causing stiffness or uneven assist
• Clogged fluid filter or restriction in the return line

Hydraulic problems often advertise themselves with noise and leaks. Driving low on fluid can quickly destroy a pump and contaminate the rack.

Electric Power Steering (EPS)

EPS replaces fluid with an electric motor and control module; faults often present intermittently or trigger a warning light.

• Weak battery or failing alternator reducing available current for the assist motor
• Overheating from repeated lock-to-lock turns (temporary assist reduction until the unit cools)
• Faulty steering torque/angle sensor or wiring harness issues
• EPS control module or motor failure
• Poor ground connections or water intrusion into connectors

EPS systems can restore assist after a key cycle or cool-down, but recurring loss signals an underlying electrical or sensor issue that needs scanning and repair.

What to do immediately if assist drops while driving

If the steering suddenly feels heavy or erratic, take these steps to stay safe and prevent further damage.

1. Keep a firm two-hand grip and steer smoothly; avoid abrupt inputs.
2. Turn on hazard lights, reduce speed, and increase following distance.
3. Signal and move to a safe shoulder or parking area as soon as practical.
4. Check for warning lights; note whether assist returns after a brief shutdown and restart (EPS).
5. For hydraulic systems, inspect for obvious leaks and ensure the serpentine belt is present and intact.
6. Do not hold the wheel at full lock; this stresses pumps and can trigger EPS thermal limits.
7. If steering remains very heavy, arrange a tow; driving further risks loss of control or component damage.

Prioritizing a controlled stop and basic checks can prevent a minor issue from becoming a costly repair or a safety incident.

How a technician diagnoses the problem

A proper diagnosis isolates whether the fault is hydraulic, electrical, or mechanical and prevents replacing the wrong parts.

• Visual inspection for leaks, wet rack boots, and belt/tensioner condition
• Fluid level and condition check, including correct fluid specification
• Pressure test of the pump and rack (HPS/EHPS) and inspection for hose restrictions
• OBD-II scan for EPS fault codes; review freeze-frame data and live torque/angle sensor readings
• Charging system test (battery, alternator output, grounds) for EPS-equipped vehicles
• Steering column and intermediate shaft U-joint inspection for binding
• Road test to replicate symptoms (including low-speed parking maneuvers)

Because steering issues can stem from multiple systems, a methodical assessment saves time and avoids unnecessary parts replacement.

Repair options and typical costs

Costs vary by vehicle, parts brand, and labor rates. The ranges below reflect common U.S. market pricing.

• Fluid service/flush (HPS/EHPS): $80–$150
• Serpentine belt or tensioner: $100–$300 total (parts and labor)
• Power steering hose/line: $150–$400 total
• Power steering pump (HPS/EHPS): $500–$1,500 total
• Rack-and-pinion assembly (HPS/EHPS): $1,200–$2,500 total; alignment often required (+$100–$200)
• EPS motor or torque sensor: $400–$1,300 total
• EPS rack/module replacement: $1,300–$3,000+ total
• Software update/reprogram (EPS): $100–$200 (dealer-dependent)

Confirm whether new, remanufactured, or OEM components are used; warranty coverage and alignment needs can change the bottom line.

Is it safe to keep driving?

You can usually still steer, but effort may be several times higher at parking speeds, which can be dangerous in traffic or during emergencies. Continuing to drive with hydraulic leaks can starve the pump and contaminate the rack; with EPS faults, intermittent assist can catch drivers off guard. If steering is consistently heavy or unpredictable, a tow is the safer choice.

Prevention and maintenance tips

Routine checks and gentle driving habits reduce the odds of sudden power steering failure and extend component life.

• Check fluid level and condition (HPS/EHPS) at oil-change intervals; top up only with the specified fluid
• Inspect for damp hoses, wet rack boots, or belt cracks and glazing
• Avoid holding the wheel at full lock for more than a few seconds
• Keep tires properly inflated; underinflation increases steering load
• Maintain a healthy battery and charging system (critical for EPS)
• Address small leaks early; minor hose fixes are cheaper than pumps or racks
• After any steering repair, get an alignment if the rack, tie rods, or subframe were disturbed

These simple practices limit stress on pumps and motors and help detect developing issues before they become critical.

Warranty, recalls, and software updates

Some steering components may be covered by powertrain or extended warranties, and certain models have recalls or technical service bulletins (TSBs) for EPS sensors, software, or pump issues. Check your VIN on your automaker’s website or through official recall portals, and ask a dealer about applicable software updates that can resolve EPS glitches or improve thermal management.

Bottom line

When power steering starts to fail, steering gets heavy, noisy, or erratic—and warning lights or leaks often follow. Stop safely, check the basics, and arrange diagnosis before further driving. Timely repairs prevent secondary damage and keep the vehicle predictable in critical moments.

Summary

Failing power steering typically shows up as heavy or inconsistent steering, warning lights, noises, or leaks. Hydraulic systems often suffer from fluid loss, pump or belt issues; EPS faults commonly involve sensors, software, or charging-system problems. If assist drops while driving, slow down, steer smoothly to a safe spot, and inspect or call for a tow. Expect repair costs to range from under $200 for minor fixes to over $2,000 for racks. Regular checks of fluid, belts, electrical health, and tire pressure can prevent most surprises.

Can you still drive if power steering goes out?

Yes, you can typically drive a vehicle if the power steering goes out, but it will require significantly more physical effort to steer, especially at low speeds or when parking. Driving without power steering is generally safe for short distances to a mechanic if you are careful, but it can be dangerous if you can’t steer quickly enough in an emergency. You should drive cautiously, using both hands on the wheel, and get the system repaired as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the power steering pump and other components. 
What happens when power steering fails?

• Heavier Steering: The system provides hydraulic assistance, so without it, turning the wheel becomes much harder. 
• Increased Difficulty at Low Speeds: You’ll find it especially challenging to turn the wheel when the car is stopped or moving slowly. 
• Potential for Damage: Driving without fluid can cause the pump to overheat and fail, and the belt that powers the pump can snap. 
• Danger in Emergencies: It can be difficult to react quickly enough during an emergency, making it more likely to cause an accident. 

What to do if your power steering fails:

1. Park Safely: Pull over to a safe location on the side of the road as soon as possible. 
2. Assess the Steering: Turn the wheel to see how much effort it takes. 
3. Check Fluid (if applicable): For hydraulic systems, check if the power steering fluid is low and add the correct type if needed. 
4. Drive Cautiously: If it’s manageable, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest mechanic. 
5. Use Both Hands: Grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands to maintain control. 
6. Avoid Sharp Turns: Be prepared for the increased effort needed for sharp or sudden turns. 
7. Call a Tow Truck: If you feel you cannot accurately steer the vehicle, it’s safer to call for a tow truck. 

Get it fixed: 

• Repair ASAP: Get your vehicle to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to prevent further damage to the system.
• Consult a Professional: A mechanic can diagnose the issue and provide an accurate estimate for repairs.

Is it expensive to fix power steering?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement. 

What to do if your power steering is going out?

If your power steering fails, you should grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands, slow down gradually by gently applying the brakes, use your turn signals and hazards to warn others, and pull over to a safe location. Once safely stopped, you can check for issues like low fluid or leaks and then arrange for a tow if needed.
 
While driving

1. Grip the wheel firmly: with both hands to maintain control and stability. 
2. Slow down gradually: by easing off the accelerator and gently applying the brakes. 
3. Turn on your hazard lights: to alert other drivers to your situation. 
4. Steer smoothly: and be prepared to use more physical effort to turn the wheel, especially when making sharp turns or parking. 
5. Pull over safely: to a side of the road or a safe area as soon as possible. 

Once safely stopped

1. Turn off the vehicle: to assess the situation. 
2. Check the power steering fluid level: to see if it is low, or look for leaks. 
3. Contact a professional: for assistance, as driving without power steering is dangerous. You may need a tow truck to take your vehicle to a repair shop. 

How do you know when power steering goes out?

Symptoms of power steering failure include a stiff or heavy steering wheel, especially at low speeds, and unusual noises like whining, groaning, or squealing when turning. You might also notice a power steering fluid leak, indicated by reddish or amber fluid under the car, and a vibrating or unsteady steering wheel. If you observe these signs, check your power steering fluid level and condition, as low or contaminated fluid can point to a failing pump or other component.
 
Key Symptoms of Power Steering Failure

• Stiff Steering Wheel: Opens in new tabThe steering wheel feels hard to turn or requires excessive effort, particularly when parking or driving at low speeds. 
• Unusual Noises: Opens in new tabListen for a whining, groaning, or grinding sound when you turn the steering wheel or when the engine is idling. A high-pitched squeal, especially after starting the car, can signal a loose or worn drive belt. 
• Fluid Leaks: Opens in new tabLook for reddish or amber-colored fluid pooling under the vehicle, which indicates a power steering fluid leak. 
• Fluid Issues: Opens in new tabThe power steering fluid reservoir may be low, or the fluid itself might be dirty, discolored, or foamy, suggesting contamination or internal damage. 
• Vibrating Steering Wheel: Opens in new tabA vibrating, shaking, or pulsing sensation in the steering wheel, especially when turning, can also be a sign of a failing power steering system. 
• Slow or Jerky Steering Response: Opens in new tabThe steering wheel may respond slowly to your inputs, or the steering can feel jerky and unstable. 

What to Do

1. Check the Fluid: Inspect the power steering fluid level and condition in the reservoir. 
2. Inspect the Belt: Look for a loose, worn, or damaged serpentine belt that drives the power steering pump. 
3. Look for Leaks: Check for leaks around the power steering pump, hoses, and steering rack. 
4. Consult a Mechanic: Because power steering problems can affect vehicle safety and lead to more costly repairs, it’s crucial to have the system inspected by a professional if you notice any of these symptoms.