What Happens When Your Steering Goes Out

If your steering “goes out,” you’ll either lose power assist—making the wheel very heavy but still steerable—or suffer a mechanical failure that can prevent you from directing the vehicle. In either case, the immediate priority is to slow down, signal, and move off the road safely. Here’s what that means in practice, why it happens, how to handle it in the moment, and how to prevent it.

What “goes out” really means

Drivers often use the phrase to describe two very different scenarios: a loss of power assist or a true mechanical failure. The distinction matters because your response and risk level are different.

Loss of power steering assist (hydraulic or electric)

In this far more common case, the steering wheel becomes much heavier, especially at parking-lot speeds, but you can still steer. On modern vehicles with electric power steering (EPS), a warning light typically appears and effort increases sharply; hydraulic systems may groan or whine, and fluid may leak. At highway speeds, you’ll still be able to guide the car—just expect slower, heavier responses.

Mechanical failure that disrupts or locks steering

This is rarer and more dangerous. A failed tie rod can let a front wheel splay outward and yank the car to one side. A seized rack or broken steering shaft coupler can limit or eliminate your ability to turn. The steering wheel may feel free-spinning, stuck, or wildly off-center. If the wheels are forced into a bad angle, the vehicle can veer abruptly.

Early signs your steering is in trouble

The following warning signs often precede a loss of assist or component failure. Noticing them early can prevent an emergency on the road.

• Steering warning light (often a steering wheel icon, sometimes with an exclamation mark) on the dash
• Heavy steering at low speeds, or intermittent assist that comes and goes
• Groaning/whining noises when turning; belt squeal after startup or when turning to full lock
• Power steering fluid leaks or low fluid level; oily residue around pump, hoses, or rack
• Steering wheel “play,” clunks, or vibration while turning or over bumps
• Vehicle drifts, wanders, or doesn’t return to center after a turn
• Burning smell from overheated belt or EPS motor under heavy use
• EPS issues after a weak battery, jump-start, or alternator problems

If you notice any of these, reduce driving speed and have the vehicle inspected promptly; minor issues can deteriorate quickly under load or during sharp turns.

What to do immediately if steering fails while driving

These steps help you maintain control and bring the vehicle to a safe stop, whether you’ve lost assist or suffered a mechanical fault.

1. Stay calm, keep a firm two-handed grip, and avoid sudden jerks of the wheel.
2. Activate hazard lights; signal your intent to move right toward the shoulder or an exit.
3. Assess steering response: if it’s just heavy, you can still steer—use smooth, deliberate inputs.
4. Ease off the accelerator. Downshift (or select a lower gear/L) to use engine braking if appropriate.
5. Brake progressively. Expect higher pedal effort if the engine stalls (vacuum assist can fade after 1–2 presses).
6. Choose a gentle path off the roadway. Use road camber to help drift toward the shoulder if steering is limited.
7. Do not switch the ignition to “Lock.” On keyed ignitions, that can lock the steering column. With push-button cars, leaving the vehicle powered on preserves assist systems.
8. If the car pulls hard to one side (possible tie-rod failure), steer as much as you can to keep straight and brake smoothly—hard braking can worsen the pull. If needed, gently apply the parking brake to the rear wheels to help slow without adding as much forward weight transfer.
9. Once stopped safely, set the parking brake, place the vehicle in Park, and call for a tow. Do not attempt to drive again; continued motion can cause further damage or loss of control.

These actions prioritize control and predictability, minimizing the risk of a secondary incident while you exit traffic.

Common causes of steering going out

A range of electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical issues can lead to heavy steering or a loss of directional control. Here are the typical culprits.

• Hydraulic leaks (hoses, pump seals, rack-and-pinion seals) leading to low fluid and air in the system
• Broken or slipping serpentine belt, disabling the power steering pump (and possibly alternator, water pump)
• Failed power steering pump or clogged steering fluid filter (if equipped)
• Seized or worn rack-and-pinion, or damaged control valve in variable-assist systems
• Inner/outer tie-rod end failure; severe corrosion or impact damage after potholes/curb strikes
• Steering shaft U-joint or coupler wear/failure causing stiffness, binding, or loss of input
• EPS motor/module failure, blown fuse, poor ground, or low system voltage (battery/alternator problems)
• Wheel bearing or ball joint failures that alter wheel angle under load
• Aftermarket modifications (incorrect steering wheel hub, lowered suspension without correction) causing binding

While assist failures are the most common and usually controllable, mechanical breakages can be sudden and severe, especially after prior warning signs are ignored.

After you stop: what a technician will check

A qualified technician will isolate whether the issue is hydraulic, electrical, or mechanical. Expect a focused inspection of the following.

• Power steering fluid level/condition and leak points at hoses, pump, and rack
• Serpentine belt condition/tensioner and any pulley damage
• Diagnostic scans for EPS faults, steering angle sensor calibration, and related modules
• Steering linkage: inner/outer tie rods, ball joints, control arms, and rack mounts
• Steering shaft coupler and column joints for play or binding
• Wheel bearings and alignment, including evidence of impact damage
• Charging system health (battery and alternator output) for EPS-equipped vehicles
• Applicable recalls or technical service bulletins for known steering issues

This process identifies whether a repair (e.g., hose, pump, tie rod) or a larger replacement (e.g., rack-and-pinion) is necessary, and whether alignment and recalibration are required afterward.

How to reduce your risk

Preventive maintenance and attentive driving can greatly lower the chance of steering trouble and catch issues early.

• Check power steering fluid periodically and address any leaks immediately
• Replace serpentine belts and tensioners at recommended intervals
• Heed steering warning lights and unusual noises; don’t ignore stiffness or clunks
• Avoid holding the wheel at full lock for more than a few seconds (can overheat pumps/EPS)
• Inspect tie-rod ends, ball joints, and rack boots during tire rotations or oil changes
• Keep tires properly inflated and aligned; misalignment can mask or accelerate wear
• Protect EPS health with a strong battery and charging system; fix low-voltage issues promptly
• Drive cautiously over potholes and curbs; impacts are a leading cause of steering damage
• Check for recalls on your vehicle and complete them without delay

These steps improve steering reliability and give you the best chance of noticing trouble before it escalates on the road.

Repair costs and outlook

Costs vary by vehicle and region, but typical ranges are: hose/line repairs ($150–$400), power steering pump ($300–$800), rack-and-pinion replacement ($900–$2,000+), tie-rod ends ($100–$350 each, plus alignment), EPS motor/module ($600–$1,500), and wheel alignment ($90–$200). Vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems may require additional calibrations.

Summary

When your steering “goes out,” it’s usually a loss of assist—scary but steerable. Rarely, a mechanical failure can prevent proper control and cause a sudden pull or lockup. If it happens, keep a steady grip, slow down smoothly, signal, and move off the road; then have the vehicle towed. Early warning signs like heaviness, noise, leaks, warning lights, or clunks warrant immediate inspection. Proactive maintenance—fluid checks, belt replacements, suspension and linkage inspections, and a healthy electrical system—dramatically reduces the risk of a steering emergency.

Is it expensive to fix power steering?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement. 

What to do when your power steering goes out?

Turn Off the Engine: Once stopped, turn off the engine and wait a moment. Restarting the engine may reset the power steering system if it’s an electronic issue. Check for Leaks or Issues: If you feel comfortable, inspect under the hood for any obvious issues, like low power steering fluid or a broken belt.

What happens when steering goes out?

When that happens, your car’s steering system will revert to manual operation (i.e., your muscles do all the work). As a result, the steering wheel will become very difficult to turn. Electric power steering can stop working suddenly and render the vehicle very difficult to drive as well.

Can you still drive if power steering goes out?

Yes, you can typically drive a vehicle if the power steering goes out, but it will require significantly more physical effort to steer, especially at low speeds or when parking. Driving without power steering is generally safe for short distances to a mechanic if you are careful, but it can be dangerous if you can’t steer quickly enough in an emergency. You should drive cautiously, using both hands on the wheel, and get the system repaired as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the power steering pump and other components. 
What happens when power steering fails?

• Heavier Steering: The system provides hydraulic assistance, so without it, turning the wheel becomes much harder. 
• Increased Difficulty at Low Speeds: You’ll find it especially challenging to turn the wheel when the car is stopped or moving slowly. 
• Potential for Damage: Driving without fluid can cause the pump to overheat and fail, and the belt that powers the pump can snap. 
• Danger in Emergencies: It can be difficult to react quickly enough during an emergency, making it more likely to cause an accident. 

What to do if your power steering fails:

1. Park Safely: Pull over to a safe location on the side of the road as soon as possible. 
2. Assess the Steering: Turn the wheel to see how much effort it takes. 
3. Check Fluid (if applicable): For hydraulic systems, check if the power steering fluid is low and add the correct type if needed. 
4. Drive Cautiously: If it’s manageable, drive slowly and carefully to the nearest mechanic. 
5. Use Both Hands: Grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands to maintain control. 
6. Avoid Sharp Turns: Be prepared for the increased effort needed for sharp or sudden turns. 
7. Call a Tow Truck: If you feel you cannot accurately steer the vehicle, it’s safer to call for a tow truck. 

Get it fixed: 

• Repair ASAP: Get your vehicle to a qualified mechanic as soon as possible to prevent further damage to the system.
• Consult a Professional: A mechanic can diagnose the issue and provide an accurate estimate for repairs.