Power Steering vs. Steering Wheel: What’s the Difference?

Power steering is a system that assists you in turning the wheels, while the steering wheel is the physical control you hold to direct the car. In other words, the steering wheel is the user interface; power steering is the assist mechanism that makes steering easier, especially at low speeds or when parking. Understanding the distinction helps drivers diagnose issues, plan maintenance, and appreciate how modern steering systems work.

What Each Term Actually Means

The phrases are often used interchangeably in casual conversation, but they refer to very different parts of a vehicle’s steering system. Here’s a plain-language overview.

Steering Wheel

The steering wheel is the round control interface in front of the driver. When you turn it, your input travels down the steering column to the steering gear (commonly a rack-and-pinion or steering box), which changes the angle of the front wheels via tie rods. The steering wheel also commonly houses controls for airbags, horn, audio, and driver-assistance functions.

Power Steering

Power steering is an assist system—hydraulic, electric, or a hybrid of both—that reduces the physical effort required to turn the steering wheel. It does not replace the steering mechanism; it augments it by applying extra force so the driver doesn’t have to. Most modern cars use electric power steering (EPS), while older and heavy-duty vehicles often use hydraulic systems.

How They Work Together

When you turn the steering wheel, sensors and/or valves detect your input. A power steering unit then adds force—through hydraulic pressure or an electric motor—to help move the steering gear and, ultimately, the wheels. If power assist fails, the mechanical link between the wheel and the tires remains, but steering becomes heavier.

Key Differences at a Glance

The following points break down the most important distinctions between a steering wheel and power steering, focusing on function, components, maintenance, and failure modes.

• Function: The steering wheel is the driver’s input device; power steering is the assist system that reduces effort.
• Type of component: The steering wheel is a mechanical control; power steering is a mechanical-electro-hydraulic or electromechanical system.
• Presence: Every road vehicle has a steering wheel; power steering is nearly universal on modern cars but not strictly required for operation.
• Operating principle: The steering wheel transmits torque; power steering senses input and adds torque via fluid pressure (hydraulic) or an electric motor (EPS).
• Failure impact: A damaged steering wheel impairs control interface; a failed power steering system keeps the car steerable but with much higher effort.
• Maintenance: Steering wheels rarely need service beyond cosmetic/airbag-related work; power steering needs fluid service (hydraulic) or software/calibration checks (EPS).
• Common issues: Steering wheel issues include cosmetic wear or switch/airbag faults; power steering issues include leaks, pump/motor failures, sensor faults, or alignment of assist curves.

Taken together, these differences show that the steering wheel and power steering serve complementary roles: one captures your intent, the other helps execute it with less physical effort.

Types of Power Steering in Today’s Cars

Modern vehicles use several kinds of assist systems, each with trade-offs in feel, efficiency, and service needs.

• Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS): Uses an engine-driven pump to pressurize fluid. Pros: traditional road feel; robust for heavy loads. Cons: parasitic engine drag, potential leaks, periodic fluid service.
• Electric Power Steering (EPS): Uses an electric motor (column-, pinion-, or rack-mounted) and sensors. Pros: energy-efficient, tunable assist, integrates with ADAS (lane-keeping, parking). Cons: can feel less “analog” if poorly tuned; motor/sensor faults can trigger warnings.
• Electro-Hydraulic (EHPS): Electric motor drives a hydraulic pump. Pros: keeps hydraulic feel with reduced engine drag; transitional tech. Cons: more complexity than pure EPS; still has fluid and hoses.

While hydraulic systems remain common in large trucks and performance applications, EPS dominates new passenger vehicles due to efficiency and integration with driver-assistance features.

Maintenance, Costs, and Common Symptoms

Staying ahead of power steering issues improves safety and steering feel. The lists below outline typical symptoms and maintenance expectations.

Symptoms to Watch For

These signs often indicate the power steering system—not the steering wheel—needs attention.

• Heavy steering effort, especially at low speed or when parking.
• Whining or groaning noise while turning (common with low fluid or failing hydraulic pump).
• Warning lights or messages (EPS fault, steering assist reduced).
• Intermittent assist, assist that cuts in/out, or steering that pulls.
• Fluid leaks, low reservoir level, or burnt-smelling fluid (hydraulic).
• Steering wheel vibration or notchiness not tied to wheel balance.

If you notice one or more of these, have the system inspected promptly; minor issues like fluid level can become major repairs if ignored.

Basic Care and Typical Costs

Preventive maintenance varies by system type, but a few practices help extend life and maintain steering feel.

• Hydraulic systems: Check fluid level and condition; replace fluid per manufacturer guidance or if degraded. Inspect hoses, pump, and rack for leaks. Typical fluid service is relatively inexpensive; replacing a pump, hoses, or a leaking rack can range widely depending on vehicle.
• EPS systems: Software updates and calibrations during service; inspect wiring/connectors. If the assist motor or rack fails, replacement can be costly, with wide variation by make/model.
• Alignment and tires: Proper alignment and tire pressures reduce steering load and improve feel on all systems.

Because prices vary by region and vehicle, get a written estimate. Addressing small leaks or software faults early is usually far cheaper than replacing major components later.

Driving Feel, Safety, and What Happens If Assist Fails

With assist functioning, steering effort remains light at low speeds and firms up on the highway. If power assist fails, the steering wheel still turns the wheels through the mechanical linkage, but effort increases significantly—especially in heavy vehicles or at a standstill. It’s generally safe to continue carefully to a repair facility if steering remains controllable, but avoid high-speed maneuvers and seek service as soon as possible.

Can You Have One Without the Other?

Every car has a steering wheel. A vehicle can be designed without power steering (common in older or lightweight cars), but nearly all modern passenger vehicles include it for comfort and safety. Retrofitting power steering into a classic car is possible, often via aftermarket EPS column kits or hydraulic conversions, but it requires parts compatibility and professional installation.

Bottom Line

The steering wheel is the driver’s interface; power steering is the assist system that makes turning the wheels easier. They’re distinct components that work together to translate your inputs into smooth, controlled changes in direction.

Summary

The difference is fundamental: the steering wheel is the control you hold; power steering is the hydraulic or electric assist that reduces effort and enhances precision. Modern vehicles overwhelmingly use electric power steering for efficiency and integration with driver-assistance features, while hydraulic systems persist in some heavy-duty and performance contexts. Maintenance needs depend on system type, with hydraulic setups requiring fluid care and EPS relying on sensors, software, and calibrations. If assist fails, steering remains possible but much heavier—get it checked promptly.

What are the three types of power steering?

The three common types of power steering are Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS), Electric Power Steering (EPS), and Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS). Hydraulic systems use an engine-driven pump and fluid to assist steering, electric systems use an electric motor for assistance, and electro-hydraulic systems combine both technologies.
 
Here’s a closer look at each type:

• Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) 
  • How it works: This traditional system uses a belt-driven pump to pressurize power steering fluid. When you turn the wheel, the fluid is directed to assist a piston in the steering rack, which then helps turn the wheels. 
  • Pros: Offers good road feel and feedback to the driver. 
  • Cons: Can be less fuel-efficient and more complex due to the extra components like the pump, hoses, and fluid. 
• Electric Power Steering (EPS) 
  • How it works: An electric motor, rather than a hydraulic pump, provides the steering assistance. This motor is typically connected to the steering column or rack. 
  • Pros: More energy-efficient, reduces emissions, offers more design flexibility for vehicle manufacturers, and requires less maintenance as there’s no fluid. 
  • Cons: Can sometimes lack the traditional road feel and feedback that HPS provides. 
• Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS)
  • How it works: This hybrid system uses an electric motor to drive a hydraulic pump, which then pressurizes the power steering fluid to assist steering. 
  • Pros: Combines the benefits of both systems, providing assistance without being directly driven by the engine and can improve fuel efficiency by only operating when needed. 
  • Cons: More complex than pure electric systems but offers a good balance of efficiency and steering feel. 

What is the difference between power steering and normal steering?

Power steering helps absorb shocks, enhancing comfort by minimising the impact of bumps and road irregularities. Manual steering has limited shock absorption capabilities. Drivers may feel directly connected to the road, making imperfections more noticeable.

What is a power steering wheel?

A “power steering wheel” isn’t a single component but refers to a car’s power steering system, which uses either hydraulic fluid or an electric motor to assist the driver’s effort in turning the wheels, making steering easier and more responsive. This system reduces the physical strain on the driver, especially at low speeds or when parking. 
How it Works

• Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS): Opens in new tabThis system uses engine power to drive a pump that pressurizes hydraulic fluid. When you turn the wheel, this fluid is sent to the steering gear to provide extra force and turn the wheels. 
• Electric Power Steering (EPS): Opens in new tabModern vehicles increasingly use EPS, which employs an electric motor to provide assistance. Sensors detect the driver’s input, and an electronic control unit (ECU) directs the motor to apply the necessary assistive force. 
• Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS): Opens in new tabThis hybrid system uses an electric motor to power the hydraulic pump, offering the feel of hydraulic steering but with more energy efficiency. 

Key Benefits

• Reduced Effort: Steering becomes significantly easier, particularly at low speeds or when maneuvering in tight spaces. 
• Improved Maneuverability: The assisted steering allows for quicker and smoother directional changes. 
• Enhanced Control: At higher speeds, assistance is often reduced, providing better feedback and a more responsive feel. 
• Enabling Advanced Features: EPS is crucial for modern features like lane-keeping assist, automated parking, and the development of self-driving cars, as it allows for computer-controlled steering. 

Is it expensive to fix power steering?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement.