The most common kind of steering failure—and what drivers should do about it

The most common kind of steering failure is a loss of power steering assist. In most cases, the steering wheel still works mechanically, but it becomes much harder to turn, especially at low speeds. This usually stems from a hydraulic leak, a broken or slipping drive belt, a failed power-steering pump, or an electrical fault in electric power steering (EPS) systems.

Why loss of power assist tops the list

Automotive engineers and safety data consistently point to assist-system issues—rather than catastrophic mechanical breakage—as the predominant steering problem in modern vehicles. That’s because contemporary cars use either hydraulic or electric systems to boost steering effort, and those subsystems have more potential failure points (fluid lines, pumps, belts, sensors, controllers) than the robust mechanical linkages that physically connect the steering wheel to the wheels.

Hydraulic vs. electric power steering: how failures feel

Hydraulic power steering (HPS)

In hydraulic systems, a belt-driven pump pressurizes fluid to assist steering. When fluid is low from a leak, the belt slips, or the pump fails, drivers typically notice a groaning noise and progressively heavier steering. If the engine stalls, assist disappears immediately.

Electric power steering (EPS)

Electric systems use a motor and sensors controlled by software. A fault in the motor, torque sensor, wiring, or control unit can cut assist suddenly. A steering warning light or “EPS” alert may illuminate, and a charging-system failure can also disable EPS. As with HPS, the wheel becomes heavy, but mechanical steering remains intact in most designs.

Warning signs that power steering assist is failing

The following points outline the common indicators drivers can observe before or during a loss of power steering assist.

• Steering gets noticeably heavier at parking-lot speeds
• Warning light: steering wheel icon, “EPS,” or power-steering alert
• Whining or groaning noise when turning (often hydraulic)
• Intermittent assist, especially just after startup or during low idle
• Fluid puddles or low power-steering reservoir level (hydraulic)
• Charging or battery warning that precedes EPS loss

Noticing these signs early is important: prompt inspection can prevent a sudden increase in steering effort and may reduce the risk of a more costly repair.

What to do if power steering assist fails while driving

The steps below describe how drivers can safely manage a sudden loss of steering assist on the road.

1. Keep a firm grip and stay calm—steering still works but requires more effort
2. Signal, slow down gradually, and increase following distance
3. Avoid abrupt maneuvers; plan wider turns at low speed
4. If safe, move to the right lane and exit traffic
5. For hydraulic systems, check for belt loss or fluid leaks once parked
6. For EPS, cycle the ignition only when fully stopped; a reboot may restore assist temporarily
7. Call for roadside assistance if heavy steering persists

Executing these steps helps maintain control, reduces stress on the steering system, and positions the vehicle for safe inspection or towing.

Prevention and maintenance that reduce the risk

These measures help minimize the likelihood of power steering assist failures and catch issues early.

• Inspect and replace accessory belts per schedule (hydraulic)
• Check power-steering fluid level and condition; fix leaks promptly
• Flush hydraulic fluid at recommended intervals in vehicles that specify it
• Address steering warnings immediately; scan for EPS fault codes
• Maintain the charging system and battery health (critical for EPS)
• Avoid holding the steering at full lock for long periods, which adds stress

Regular checks and timely repairs are typically inexpensive compared with the downstream costs of pump, rack, or EPS unit replacements.

When it’s not “just” power assist: rare but serious failures

Complete mechanical steering loss—such as a fractured steering shaft, failed tie-rod end, or severely damaged rack—is rare in modern vehicles, thanks to robust designs and safety regulations. When it happens, it is often linked to collision damage, severe corrosion, or neglected critical components. Any clunking, excessive play, or erratic tracking warrants immediate professional inspection.

Summary

The most common kind of steering failure is a loss of power steering assist, not a total loss of steering. Whether hydraulic or electric, assist failures make the wheel significantly heavier but usually leave the vehicle steerable. Recognizing early warning signs, maintaining belts, fluids, and electrical systems, and responding calmly and methodically on the road are the best defenses against risk and costly repairs.

What is the most common steering component that goes bad?

Power steering pumps help get the fluid to the right pressure, making it easier for you to make turns. But because of the moving parts, the seals and bearings can wear out with age and use. This causes the pump to work harder, leading to fluid leaks and eventual failure.

How to tell if steering problems are tires or steering?

If you experience vibrations or shaking in the steering wheel while driving, it could be a sign of alignment issues or worn-out steering components. Misaligned wheels or imbalanced tires can cause vibrations that are felt through the steering wheel, especially at higher speeds.

How do I tell if my steering column is bad?

Symptoms of a bad steering column include a loose or wobbly steering wheel, difficulty turning, strange noises like clunking or grinding when turning, vibration, the steering wheel not returning to center, or the steering wheel feeling unexpectedly stiff. You may also see a steering light on the dashboard, or notice uneven tire wear. If you experience these symptoms, it’s crucial to have the vehicle inspected by a mechanic, as a failing steering column can lead to a dangerous loss of control. 
Physical Symptoms

• Loose or Wobbly Steering Wheel: Opens in new tabThe steering wheel might feel like it has excessive movement up and down or side to side. 
• Difficulty Steering: Opens in new tabYou may find it hard to turn the wheel, especially at low speeds or when parking. 
• Stiff Steering: Opens in new tabThe steering wheel may feel heavy and resistant to turning. 
• Steering Wheel Doesn’t Return to Center: Opens in new tabAfter a turn, the wheel may not automatically return to the center position, which is a sign of a problem within the steering system. 

Auditory Symptoms

• Clunking or Knocking Noises: Opens in new tabYou might hear these sounds when turning the wheel, which could indicate worn universal joints or other parts within the column. 
• Grinding or Clicking Sounds: Opens in new tabThese noises, especially at the base of the steering column, can signal worn-out components. 

Visual & Other Symptoms

• Vibrations in the Steering Wheel: Opens in new tabExperiencing tremors or a shimmy in the steering wheel, particularly on uneven roads or at higher speeds, can point to a worn steering shaft or bearings. 
• Dashboard Warning Lights: Opens in new tabA steering system warning light illuminating on the dashboard indicates a fault in the steering or steering angle sensor. 
• Uneven Tire Wear: Opens in new tabA compromised steering column can lead to improper wheel alignment, resulting in uneven tire wear. 

What to Do

• Do not drive the car Opens in new tabif you suspect a steering column issue, as it is a dangerous problem that can cause a loss of control. 
• Consult a qualified mechanic Opens in new tabto diagnose the exact problem and perform the necessary repairs or replacements. 

Are power steering issues expensive to fix?

Yes, fixing a power steering issue can be expensive, with costs ranging from under $100 for a simple fluid flush to $800 or more for a new power steering pump, and even higher for complex repairs like a steering rack replacement. The final cost depends on the specific problem, your vehicle’s make and model, the parts used (OEM vs. aftermarket), and your location. 
Breakdown of Common Repairs and Costs

• Power Steering Fluid Flush: Opens in new tabIf the issue is dirty fluid, this can resolve the problem for approximately $50 to $150. 
• Power Steering Pump Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is one of the more expensive repairs, with average costs ranging from $500 to $900, though it can go higher for luxury or large vehicles. 
• Power Steering Hose Replacement: Opens in new tabA leaking hose is generally a less expensive repair, potentially costing around $60 to $150, depending on the specific hose and labor involved. 
• Steering Rack Replacement: Opens in new tabThis is a significant and expensive repair, with parts and labor for a steering rack replacement costing several hundred dollars. 

Factors Affecting Cost

• Vehicle Make and Model: Luxury cars and larger vehicles typically have more expensive parts and labor. 
• Part Type: Using an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) part from your car’s manufacturer is usually more expensive than an aftermarket part. 
• Labor Costs: The hourly rate for mechanics varies by location and shop. 
• DIY vs. Professional Repair: If you are comfortable with car maintenance, you can save money by doing some repairs yourself, but it’s important to ensure you have the right tools and knowledge. 
• Additional Repairs: Power steering issues can sometimes lead to other necessary repairs, such as a wheel alignment after a steering rack replacement.